stage2: improvements towards zig test

* Add AIR instruction: struct_field_val
   - This is part of an effort to eliminate the AIR instruction `ref`.
   - It's implemented for C backend and LLVM backend so far.
 * Rename `resolvePossiblyUndefinedValue` to `resolveMaybeUndefVal` just
   to save some columns on long lines.
 * Sema: add `fieldVal` alongside `fieldPtr` (renamed from
   `namedFieldPtr`). This is part of an effort to eliminate the AIR
   instruction `ref`. The idea is to avoid unnecessary loads, stores,
   stack usage, and IR instructions, by paying a DRY cost.

LLVM backend improvements:

 * internal linkage vs exported linkage is implemented, along with
   aliases. There is an issue with incremental updates due to missing
   LLVM API for deleting aliases; see the relevant comment in this commit.
   - `updateDeclExports` is hooked up to the LLVM backend now.
 * Fix usage of `Type.tag() == .noreturn` rather than calling `isNoReturn()`.
 * Properly mark global variables as mutable/constant.
 * Fix llvm type generation of function pointers
 * Fix codegen for calls of function pointers
 * Implement llvm type generation of error unions and error sets.
 * Implement AIR instructions: addwrap, subwrap, mul, mulwrap, div,
   bit_and, bool_and, bit_or, bool_or, xor, struct_field_ptr,
   struct_field_val, unwrap_errunion_err, add for floats, sub for
   floats.

After this commit, `zig test` on a file with `test "example" {}`
correctly generates and executes a test binary. However the
`test_functions` slice is undefined and just happens to be going into
the .bss section, causing the length to be 0. The next step towards
`zig test` will be replacing the `test_functions` Decl Value with the
set of test function pointers, before it is sent to linker/codegen.

src/Module.zig

@@ -3702,8 +3702,8 @@ pub fn analyzeExport(
         else => return mod.fail(scope, src, "unable to export type '{}'", .{exported_decl.ty}),
     }
 
-    try mod.decl_exports.ensureCapacity(mod.gpa, mod.decl_exports.count() + 1);
-    try mod.export_owners.ensureCapacity(mod.gpa, mod.export_owners.count() + 1);
+    try mod.decl_exports.ensureUnusedCapacity(mod.gpa, 1);
+    try mod.export_owners.ensureUnusedCapacity(mod.gpa, 1);
 
     const new_export = try mod.gpa.create(Export);
     errdefer mod.gpa.destroy(new_export);