stage2: progress towards ability to compile compiler-rt

* prepare compiler-rt to support being compiled by stage2
   - put in a few minor workarounds that will be removed later, such as
     using `builtin.stage2_arch` rather than `builtin.cpu.arch`.
   - only try to export a few symbols for now - we'll move more symbols
     over to the "working in stage2" section as they become functional
     and gain test coverage.
   - use `inline fn` at function declarations rather than `@call` with an
     always_inline modifier at the callsites, to avoid depending on the
     anonymous array literal syntax language feature (for now).
 * AIR: replace floatcast instruction with fptrunc and fpext for
   shortening and widening floating point values, respectively.
 * Introduce a new ZIR instruction, `export_value`, which implements
   `@export` for the case when the thing to be exported is a local
   comptime value that points to a function.
   - AstGen: fix `@export` not properly reporting ambiguous decl
     references.
 * Sema: handle ExportOptions linkage. The value is now available to all
   backends.
   - Implement setting global linkage as appropriate in the LLVM
     backend. I did not yet inspect the LLVM IR, so this still needs to
     be audited. There is already a pending task to make sure the alias
     stuff is working as intended, and this is related.
   - Sema almost handles section, just a tiny bit more code is needed in
     `resolveExportOptions`.
 * Sema: implement float widening and shortening for both `@floatCast`
   and float coercion.
   - Implement the LLVM backend code for this as well.

src/codegen/llvm/bindings.zig

@@ -601,6 +601,22 @@ pub const Builder = opaque {
         DestTy: *const Type,
         Name: [*:0]const u8,
     ) *const Value;
+
+    pub const buildFPTrunc = LLVMBuildFPTrunc;
+    extern fn LLVMBuildFPTrunc(
+        *const Builder,
+        Val: *const Value,
+        DestTy: *const Type,
+        Name: [*:0]const u8,
+    ) *const Value;
+
+    pub const buildFPExt = LLVMBuildFPExt;
+    extern fn LLVMBuildFPExt(
+        *const Builder,
+        Val: *const Value,
+        DestTy: *const Type,
+        Name: [*:0]const u8,
+    ) *const Value;
 };
 
 pub const IntPredicate = enum(c_uint) {