(breaking) rework stream abstractions

The main goal here is to make the function pointers comptime, so that we
don't have to do the crazy stuff with async function frames.

Since InStream, OutStream, and SeekableStream are already generic
across error sets, it's not really worse to make them generic across the
vtable as well.

See #764 for the open issue acknowledging that using generics for these
abstractions is a design flaw.

See #130 for the efforts to make these abstractions non-generic.

This commit also changes the OutStream API so that `write` returns
number of bytes written, and `writeAll` is the one that loops until the
whole buffer is written.

lib/std/elf.zig

@@ -333,6 +333,54 @@ pub const ET = extern enum(u16) {
 pub const SectionHeader = Elf64_Shdr;
 pub const ProgramHeader = Elf64_Phdr;
 
+const Header = struct {
+    endian: builtin.Endian,
+    is_64: bool,
+    entry: u64,
+    phoff: u64,
+    shoff: u64,
+    phentsize: u16,
+    phnum: u16,
+    shentsize: u16,
+    shnum: u16,
+    shstrndx: u16,
+};
+
+pub fn readHeader(in_stream: var) !Header {
+    var hdr_buf: [@sizeOf(Elf64_Ehdr)]u8 align(@alignOf(Elf64_Ehdr)) = undefined;
+    try in_stream.readAll(&hdr_buf);
+    const hdr32 = @ptrCast(*elf.Elf32_Ehdr, &hdr_buf);
+    const hdr64 = @ptrCast(*elf.Elf64_Ehdr, &hdr_buf);
+    if (!mem.eql(u8, hdr32.e_ident[0..4], "\x7fELF")) return error.InvalidElfMagic;
+    if (hdr32.e_ident[EI_VERSION] != 1) return error.InvalidElfVersion;
+
+    const endian = switch (hdr32.e_ident[elf.EI_DATA]) {
+        ELFDATA2LSB => .Little,
+        ELFDATA2MSB => .Big,
+        else => return error.InvalidElfEndian,
+    };
+    const need_bswap = endian != std.builtin.endian;
+
+    const is_64 = switch (hdr32.e_ident[EI_CLASS]) {
+        ELFCLASS32 => false,
+        ELFCLASS64 => true,
+        else => return error.InvalidElfClass,
+    };
+
+    return @as(Header, .{
+        .endian = endian,
+        .is_64 = is_64,
+        .entry = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_entry, hdr64.e_entry),
+        .phoff = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_phoff, hdr64.e_phoff),
+        .shoff = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_shoff, hdr64.e_shoff),
+        .phentsize = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_phentsize, hdr64.e_phentsize),
+        .phnum = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_phnum, hdr64.e_phnum),
+        .shentsize = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_shentsize, hdr64.e_shentsize),
+        .shnum = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_shnum, hdr64.e_shnum),
+        .shstrndx = int(is_64, need_bswap, hdr32.e_shstrndx, hdr64.e_shstrndx),
+    });
+}
+
 pub const Elf = struct {
     seekable_stream: *io.SeekableStream(anyerror, anyerror),
     in_stream: *io.InStream(anyerror),