build: avoid compiling self-hosted twice

build.zig: add a 'compile' step to compile the self-hosted compiler
without installing it.
Compilation: set cache mode to whole when using the LLVM backend and
--enable-cache is passed.

This makes `zig build` act the same as it does with stage1. Upside is
that a second invocation of `zig build` on an unmodified source tree
will avoid redoing the compilation again. Downside is that it will
proliferate more garbage in the project-local cache (same as stage1).

This can eventually be fixed when Zig's incremental compilation is more
robust; we can go back to having LLVM use CacheMode.incremental and rely
on it detecting no changes and avoiding doing the flush() step.

cmake/install.cmake

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
-set(ZIG_INSTALL_ARGS ${ZIG_BUILD_ARGS} --prefix "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}")
-execute_process(COMMAND "${ZIG_EXECUTABLE}" ${ZIG_INSTALL_ARGS} WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" RESULT_VARIABLE _result)
+set(ZIG_INSTALL_ARGS build ${ZIG_BUILD_ARGS} --prefix "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}")
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${ZIG_EXECUTABLE}" ${ZIG_INSTALL_ARGS}
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE _result)
 
 if(_result)
     message("::")