build.zig: add a 'compile' step to compile the self-hosted compiler
without installing it.
Compilation: set cache mode to whole when using the LLVM backend and
--enable-cache is passed.
This makes `zig build` act the same as it does with stage1. Upside is
that a second invocation of `zig build` on an unmodified source tree
will avoid redoing the compilation again. Downside is that it will
proliferate more garbage in the project-local cache (same as stage1).
This can eventually be fixed when Zig's incremental compilation is more
robust; we can go back to having LLVM use CacheMode.incremental and rely
on it detecting no changes and avoiding doing the flush() step.
caddbbc315