To run the example locally, first make sure bazelisk is on your PATH. Then

Test that things work at all:

$ bazelisk run //test:hello
...
Hello World!

Then test that you can run docker images:

$ bazelisk run //test:hello_image
...
Hello World!

Now we can check if C++ exceptions work locally:

$ bazelisk run //test:exception
...
will throw and expect to catch an error...
caught: error
done

And whether or not they work in a docker container:

$ bazelisk run //test:exception_image

If they work, then you'll see the same output as above. If not, you'll see:

will throw and expect to catch an error...
libc++abi: terminating with uncaught exception of type char const*

If you want to try the above in a transient docker environment, you can do:

$ docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/workspace debian:buster-slim
# apt update && apt install curl ca-certificates --no-install-recommends -y && curl -L https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazelisk/releases/download/v1.7.5/bazelisk-linux-amd64 > /usr/bin/bazel && chmod +x /usr/bin/bazel
# cd /workspace
# export CC=/usr/bin/false
# bazel run --platforms=@com_github_ziglang_zig//:x86_64-linux-gnu.2.28 //test:hello
# bazel run --platforms=@com_github_ziglang_zig//:x86_64-linux-gnu.2.28 //test:exception