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add missing fields

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Motiejus Jakštys 2022-02-14 13:37:10 +02:00 committed by Motiejus Jakštys
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commit d422cdf61b
1 changed files with 37 additions and 23 deletions
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60
README.md
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@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ To understand more about name service switch, start with
Design & constraints
--------------------
To be fast, the user/group database (later: DB) has to be small ([highly
recommended background viewing][data-oriented-design]). It encodes user & group
information in a way that minimizes the DB size, and reduces jumping across the
DB ("chasing pointers and thrashing CPU cache").
To be fast, the user/group database (later: DB) has to be small
([background][data-oriented-design]). It encodes user & group information in a
way that minimizes the DB size, and reduces jumping across the DB ("chasing
pointers and thrashing CPU cache").
For example, [`getpwnam_r(3)`][getpwnam_r] accepts a username and returns
the following user information:
To understand how this is done efficiently, let's analyze the
[`getpwnam_r(3)`][getpwnam_r] in high level. This API call accepts a username
and returns the following user information:
```
struct passwd {
@ -35,18 +36,21 @@ struct passwd {
Turbonss, among others, implements this call, and takes the following steps to
resolve a username to a `struct passwd*`:
- Open the DB (using `mmap`) and interpret it's first 40 bytes as a `struct
Header`. The header stores offsets to the sections of the file. This needs to
be done once, when the NSS library is loaded (or on the first call).
- Hash the username using a perfect hash function. Perfect hash function
returns a number `n ∈ [0,N-1]`, where N is the total number of users.
- Jump to the `n`'th location in the DB (by pointer arithmetic) which contains
the index `i` to the user's information.
- Jump to the location `i` (pointer arithmetic) which stores the full user
information.
- Jump to the `n`'th location in the `idx_username2user` section (by pointer
arithmetic), which contains the index `i` to the user's information.
- Jump to the location `i` of section `Users` (again, using pointer arithmetic)
which stores the full user information.
- Decode the user information (which is all in a continuous memory block) and
return it to the caller.
In total, that's one hash for the username (~150ns), two pointer jumps within
the group file, and, now that the user record is found, `memcpy` for each
field.
the group file (to sections `idx_username2user` and `Users`), and, now that the
user record is found, `memcpy` for each field.
The turbonss DB file is be `mmap`-ed, making it simple to implement pointer
arithmetic and jumping across the file. This also reduces memory usage,
@ -288,18 +292,28 @@ A packed list is a list of varints.
Complete file structure
-----------------------
`idx_*` entries are of type `[]u29` and are pointing to the respective `Groups`
and `Users` entries (from the beginning of the respective section). Since
entries are 8-byte aligned, 3 bits are saved from every element.
Each section is padded to 64 bytes.
```
SECTION SIZE DESCRIPTION
Header 1<<6 documented above
[]Group ? list of Group entries
[]User ? list of User entries
Shells ? documented in "SHELLS"
cmph_gid2group ? offset by offset_cmph_gid2group
cmph_uid2user ? offset by offset_cmph_gid2group
cmph_groupname2group ? offset by offset_cmph_groupname2group
cmph_username2user ? offset by offset_cmph_username2user
groupmembers ? offset by offset_groupmembers
additional_gids ? offset by offset_additional_gids
SECTION SIZE DESCRIPTION
Header 40 see "Turbonss header" section
idx_gid2group len(group)*4*29/32 list of gid2group indices
idx_groupname2group len(group)*4*29/32 list of groupname2group indices
idx_uid2user len(user)*4*29/32 list of uid2user indices
idx_username2user len(user)*4*29/32 list of username2user indices
Groups ? list of Group entries
Users ? list of User entries
Shells ? See "Shells" section
cmph_gid2group ? offset by offset_cmph_gid2group
cmph_uid2user ? offset by offset_cmph_uid2user
cmph_groupname2group ? offset by offset_cmph_groupname2group
cmph_username2user ? offset by offset_cmph_username2user
groupmembers ? offset by offset_groupmembers
additional_gids ? offset by offset_additional_gids
```
[git-subtrac]: https://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtrac/