beginning of the paper
Motiejus Jakštys
parent
fc8ad65fb1
commit
6f1a45eb1d
28
Makefile
28
Makefile
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@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
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SOURCE ?= lithuania-latest.osm.pbf
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WHERE ?= name='Visinčia' OR name='Šalčia' OR name='Nemunas'
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SLIDES = slides-2021-03-29.pdf slides-2021-03-29.html
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SLIDY_PATH= /usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/docbook-xsl/slides/slidy
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ifneq ($(wildcard $(SLIDY_PATH)/.*),)
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SLIDY_ARGS = -V slidy-url=$(SLIDY_PATH)
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endif
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SLIDES = slides-2021-03-29.pdf
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NON_ARCHIVABLES = notes.txt referatui.txt slides-2021-03-29.txt
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ARCHIVABLES = $(filter-out $(NON_ARCHIVABLES),$(shell git ls-files .))
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.PHONY: test
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test: tests.sql .faux.db
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@ -30,6 +27,18 @@ clean-tables:
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.PHONY: slides
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slides: $(SLIDES)
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mj-msc.pdf: mj-msc.tex version.tex bib.bib
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latexmk -shell-escape -g -pdf $<
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mj-msc-all.pdf: mj-msc.pdf version.tex $(ARCHIVABLES)
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cp $< .tmp-$@
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for f in $^; do \
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if [ "$$f" = "$<" ]; then continue; fi; \
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pdfattach .tmp-$@ $$f .tmp2-$@; \
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mv .tmp2-$@ .tmp-$@; \
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done
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mv .tmp-$@ $@
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slides-2021-03-29.pdf: slides-2021-03-29.txt
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pandoc -t beamer -i $< -o $@
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@ -53,3 +62,10 @@ slides-2021-03-29.html: slides-2021-03-29.txt
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$(SOURCE):
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wget http://download.geofabrik.de/europe/$@
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version.tex: $(shell git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/.git
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( \
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date '+\gdef\GeneratedAt{%F %T %Z}%'; \
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printf '\gdef\VCDescribe{%s}%%\n' $(REF); \
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) > $@
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@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
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@article{wang1998line,
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title={Line generalization based on analysis of shape characteristics},
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author={Wang, Zeshen and M{\"u}ller, Jean-Claude},
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journal={Cartography and Geographic Information Systems},
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volume={25},
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number={1},
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pages={3--15},
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year={1998},
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publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
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}
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@article{Kolanowski_2018,
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title={Cartographic Line Generalization Based on Radius of Curvature Analysis},
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volume={7},
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ISSN={2220-9964},
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url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7120477},
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DOI={10.3390/ijgi7120477},
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number={12},
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journal={ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
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publisher={MDPI AG},
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author={Kolanowski, Bogdan and Augustyniak, Jacek and Latos, Dorota},
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year={2018},
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month={Dec},
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pages={477}
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}
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@article{visvalingam1993line,
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title={Line generalisation by repeated elimination of points},
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author={Visvalingam, Maheswari and Whyatt, James D},
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journal={The cartographic journal},
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volume={30},
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number={1},
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pages={46--51},
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year={1993},
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publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
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}
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@article{muller1991generalization,
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title={Generalization of spatial databases},
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author={Muller, Jean-Claude},
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journal={Geographical information systems},
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volume={1},
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pages={457--475},
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year={1991},
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publisher={John Wiley and Sons}
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}
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@article{miuller1995generalization,
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title={Generalization-state of the art and issues},
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author={Miuller, JC and Weibel, R and Lagrange, J and {\"E}alge, F},
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journal={GIS and Generalisation: Methodology and Practice},
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pages={3--17},
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year={1995}
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}
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@inproceedings{mcmaster1992generalization,
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title={Generalization in digital cartography},
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author={McMaster, Robert Brainerd and Shea, K Stuart},
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year={1992},
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organization={Association of American Geographers Washington, DC}
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}
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@article{douglas1973algorithms,
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title={Algorithms for the reduction of the number of points required to represent a digitized line or its caricature},
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author={Douglas, David H and Peucker, Thomas K},
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journal={Cartographica: the international journal for geographic information and geovisualization},
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volume={10},
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number={2},
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pages={112--122},
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year={1973},
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publisher={University of Toronto Press}
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}
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% Algorithms for generalization, not reaching satisfactory results
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@inproceedings{monmonier1986toward,
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title={Toward a practicable model of cartographic generalisation.},
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author={Monmonier, Mark},
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booktitle={Auto Carto London. Proc. conference, 1986. Vol. 2},
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pages={257--266},
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year={1986},
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organization={distributed Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors}
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}
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@inproceedings{mcmaster1993spatial,
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title={A spatial-object level organization of transformations for cartographic generalization},
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author={McMaster, RB and Barnett, Leone},
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booktitle={AUTOCARTO-CONFERENCE-},
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pages={386--386},
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year={1993},
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organization={Citeseer}
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}
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@inproceedings{jiang2003line,
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title={Line simplification using self-organizing maps},
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author={Jiang, Bin and Nakos, Byron},
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booktitle={Proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop on Spatial Analysis and Decision Making, Hong Kong, China},
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pages={3--5},
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year={2003}
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}
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@article{dyken2009simultaneous,
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title={Simultaneous curve simplification},
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author={Dyken, Christopher and D{\ae}hlen, Morten and Sevaldrud, Thomas},
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journal={Journal of geographical systems},
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volume={11},
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number={3},
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pages={273--289},
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year={2009},
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publisher={Springer}
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}
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@article{mustafa2006dynamic,
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title={Dynamic simplification and visualization of large maps},
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author={Mustafa, Nabil and Krishnan, Shankar and Varadhan, Gokul and Venkatasubramanian, Suresh},
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journal={International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
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volume={20},
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number={3},
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pages={273--302},
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year={2006},
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publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
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}
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@article{nollenburg2008morphing,
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title={Morphing polylines: A step towards continuous generalization},
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author={N{\"o}llenburg, Martin and Merrick, Damian and Wolff, Alexander and Benkert, Marc},
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journal={Computers, Environment and Urban Systems},
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volume={32},
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number={4},
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pages={248--260},
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year={2008},
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publisher={Elsevier}
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}
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@inproceedings{stanislawski2012automated,
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title={Automated metric assessment of line simplification in humid landscapes},
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author={Stanislawski, Lawrence V and Raposo, Paulo and Howard, Michael and Buttenfield, Barbara P},
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booktitle={Proceedings of the AutoCarto},
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year={2012}
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}
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% LIKELY UNNEEDED
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@book{buttenfield1991map,
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title={Map Generalization: Making rules for knowledge representation},
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author={Buttenfield, Barbara Pfeil and McMaster, Robert Brainerd},
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year={1991},
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publisher={Longman Scientific \& Technical London}
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}
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@article{chaikin1974algorithm,
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title={An algorithm for high-speed curve generation},
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author={Chaikin, George Merrill},
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journal={Computer graphics and image processing},
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volume={3},
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number={4},
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pages={346--349},
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year={1974},
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publisher={Elsevier}
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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import argparse
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import geopandas
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import psycopg2
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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from matplotlib import rc, patches
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INCH = 25.4 # mm
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BOUNDS = ('xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax')
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GREEN, ORANGE, PURPLE = '#1b9e77', '#d95f02', '#7570b3'
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def plt_size(string):
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if not string:
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return None
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try:
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w, h = string.split("x")
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return float(w) / INCH, float(h) / INCH
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except Exception as e:
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raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError from e
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def parse_args():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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description='Convert geopackage to an image')
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group1 = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
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group1.add_argument('--group1-infile')
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group1.add_argument('--group1-table')
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parser.add_argument('-o', '--outfile', metavar='<file>')
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parser.add_argument(
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'--size', type=plt_size, help='Figure size in mm (WWxHH)')
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parser.add_argument( '--clip', type=float, nargs=4, metavar=BOUNDS)
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group2 = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
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group2.add_argument('--group2-infile', type=str)
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group2.add_argument('--group2-table', type=str)
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group3 = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
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group3.add_argument('--group3-infile', type=str)
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group3.add_argument('--group3-table', type=str)
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return parser.parse_args()
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def read_layer(maybe_table, maybe_file):
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if maybe_table:
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conn = psycopg2.connect("host=127.0.0.1 dbname=osm user=osm")
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sql = "SELECT geom FROM %s" % maybe_table
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return geopandas.read_postgis(sql, con=conn, geom_col='geom')
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elif maybe_file:
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return geopandas.read_file(maybe_file)
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def main():
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args = parse_args()
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group1 = read_layer(args.group1_table, args.group1_infile)
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group2 = read_layer(args.group2_table, args.group2_infile)
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group3 = read_layer(args.group3_table, args.group3_infile)
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rc('text', usetex=True)
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fig, ax = plt.subplots()
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if args.size:
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fig.set_size_inches(args.size)
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if c := args.clip:
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ax.set_xlim(left=c[0], right=c[2])
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ax.set_ylim(bottom=c[1], top=c[3])
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if group1 is not None:
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group1.plot(ax=ax, color=PURPLE)
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if group2 is not None:
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group2.plot(ax=ax, color=ORANGE)
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if group3 is not None:
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group3.plot(ax=ax, color=GREEN)
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ax.axis('off')
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ax.margins(0, 0)
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fig.tight_layout(0)
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if args.outfile:
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fig.savefig(args.outfile, bbox_inches=0, dpi=600)
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else:
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plt.show()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
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\iffalse
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\usepackage[L7x,T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[lithuanian]{babel}
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\else
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\fi
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{a4wide}
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\usepackage{csquotes}
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\usepackage[maxbibnames=99,style=authoryear]{biblatex}
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\usepackage[pdfusetitle]{hyperref}
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\usepackage{enumitem}
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\usepackage[toc,page,title]{appendix}
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\addbibresource{bib.bib}
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\usepackage{caption}
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\usepackage{subcaption}
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\usepackage{gensymb}
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\usepackage{varwidth}
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\usepackage{tabularx}
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\usepackage{float}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{minted}
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\usetikzlibrary{er,positioning}
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\definecolor{mypurple}{RGB}{117,112,179}
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\input{version}
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\newcommand{\DP}{Douglas \& Peucker}
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\newcommand{\VW}{Visvalingam--Whyatt}
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\newcommand{\WM}{Wang--M{\"u}ller}
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\title{
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Cartographic Generalization of Lines using free software \\
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(example of rivers) \\ \vspace{4mm}
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}
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\iffalse
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\fi
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\author{Motiejus Jakštys}
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\date{
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\vspace{10mm}
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Version: \VCDescribe \\ \vspace{4mm}
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Generated At: \GeneratedAt
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}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\begin{abstract}
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\label{sec:abstract}
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Current open-source line generalization solutions have their roots in
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mathematics and geometry, and are not fit for natural objects like rivers
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and coastlines. This paper discusses our implementation of \WM algorithm
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under and open-source license, explains things that we would had
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appreciated in the original paper and compares our results to different
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generalization algorithms.
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\end{abstract}
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\newpage
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\tableofcontents
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\listoffigures
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\newpage
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\section{Introduction}
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\label{sec:introduction}
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A number of cartographic line generalization algorithms have been researched,
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which claim to better process cartographic objects like lines. These fall into
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two rough categories:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Cartographic knowledge was encoded to an algorithm (bottom-up
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approach). One among these are \cite{wang1998line}.
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\item Mathematical shape transformation which yields a more
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cartographically suitable down-scaling. E.g. \cite{jiang2003line},
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\cite{dyken2009simultaneous}, \cite{mustafa2006dynamic},
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\cite{nollenburg2008morphing}.
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\end{itemize}
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During research for the mentioned articles, prototype code has been written for
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most of the algorithms. However, none of them seem to be available for use
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except for the two "classical" ones -- {\DP} and {\VW}.
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\cite{wang1998line} is an algorithm specifically created for cartographic
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generalization and available for general use, though it is only currently
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available in a commercial product. This poses a problem for map creation in
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open source software: there is not a similar high-quality simplification
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algorithm to create down-scaled maps, so any cartographic work, which uses line
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generalization as part of its processing, will be of sub-par quality.
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We believe that availability of high-quality open-source tools is an important
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foundation for future cartographic experimentation and development, thus it
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it benefits the cartographic society as a whole.
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This paper will be reviewing and comparing two widely available algorithms that
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are often used for line generalization:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \cite{douglas1973algorithms} via
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\href{https://postgis.net/docs/ST_Simplify.html}{PostGIS Simplify}.
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\item \cite{visvalingam1993line} via
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\href{https://postgis.net/docs/ST_SimplifyVW.html}{PostGIS SimplifyVW}.
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\end{itemize}
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Since both algorithms produce jaggy output lines, it is worthwhile to process
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those through a widely available \cite{chaikin1974algorithm} smoothing
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algorithm via \href{https://postgis.net/docs/ST_ChaikinSmoothing.html}{PostGIS
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ChaikinSmoothing}.
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\section{Visual comparison}
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\subsection{Comparison algorithms and parameters}
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\subsection{Combining bends}
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\section{Conclusions}
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\label{sec:conclusions}
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\section{Related Work and future suggestions}
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\label{sec:related_work}
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\printbibliography
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\begin{appendices}
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\section{Žeimena and Lakaja in context}
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\section{Code listings}
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For the curious users it may be useful to see how the analysis was executed.
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Also, given the source listings, it should be relatively straightforward to
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re-run the same analysis on a different area.
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The analysis was executed and report was generated on Ubuntu 20.04 with only
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system packages. This should be sufficient: {\tt postgis gdal-bin biber
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latexmk texlive-bibtex-extra python3-geopandas python3-pygments}.
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\subsection{Makefile}
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This file binds all the pieces together:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Prepares the PostGIS database.
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\item Generates helper figures (sine waves, squares).
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\item Runs analysis on input files ({\DP}, {\VW}, Chaikin).
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\item Invokes {\tt latexmk} as a final report generation step.
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\end{itemize}
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\inputminted[fontsize=\small]{make}{Makefile}
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\subsection{layer2img.py}
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This file accepts a layer (or two) and generates a PDF image suitable for embedding into the report.
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\inputminted[fontsize=\small]{python}{layer2img.py}
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\subsection{db}
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Manages a PostGIS database in the Docker container. That way, the database can
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be torn down and re-created by automated tools like the {\tt Makefile} itself.
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\inputminted[fontsize=\small]{bash}{db}
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\end{appendices}
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\end{document}
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Reference in New Issue